我国污水灌溉现状、问题及其对策

Sewage water irrigation problems and solutions in China

目前,我国污水灌溉农田面积330余万hm^2,占全国总灌溉农田面积的7.3％,主要分布在我国北方水资源严重短缺的海、辽、黄、淮四大流域,约占全国污水灌溉面积的85％,大部分集中分布在相应大中城市的近郊区或工矿区。污水灌溉存在的突出问题是灌溉水质严重超标、污水处理技术水平低下、污水灌溉管理工作零乱、污水灌溉面积盲目发展、污水灌溉相应的理论与技术科研工作相对滞后。为了科学地进行污水灌溉,当务之急要把污水的还原治理和使用作为资源配置的主要方面来抓,加强对污水灌溉的规范化管理工作,深入、系统地开展污水灌溉的科学研究工作。

Currently.the size of farmland irrigated by sewage water has been reached around 3.3 million hm2, which takes 7.3% of the total irrigated area in China. The area irrigated by sewage water mainly locates in four large water basins of Hai, Liao, Huang and Huai where are the places with severe water scarcity problem in north China, of which takes 85% of the national sewage water irrigated area and are mostly located in suburb area of large and medium sized cities and industrial and mineral areas. The key problems of sewage water irrigation are badly irrigation water quality, low technical level of sewage water treatment, confused management system of sewage water irrigation, blindly extension of sewage water irrigation area and the lagging of the theory framework and technical research on sewage water irrigation. In order to use sewage water for irrigation scientifically, it is urgently to pay the first attention on the major work in water resources allocation, concentrate on sewage water treatment and utilization, standardized management of sewage water irrigation, and deeply and systematically research on sewage water irrigation.