司法透明理念的经济分析

Economic Analysis on Thoughts of Judicial Transparency

从审判公开到司法透明体现了社会变迁过程中司法程序透明度内涵要求的演进。最佳司法透明"度"是在提高司法透明的边际成本等于边际收益的均衡点上,司法透明度的变迁是从均衡到非均衡再到均衡的动态的矛盾运动,司法透明度的确定是法院与诉讼当事人及公众三方参与人对策博弈的结果。司法不透明的直接后果是:当事人之间的诉讼活动变成了一种信息不完全博弈,信息不对称使当事人无法做出最有效率的战略选择,从而损害当事人的利益,法院的公信力受到质疑。当前司法缺乏有效透明的经济学根源在于法院和法官的利己人性以及当事人和公众的理性选择。因此,需要通过制度创新来激励法官披露信息以及降低公众的信息搜寻成本,使司法走向有效透明。

Evolving from public trim to transparent judicature displays the devel- opment of the connotation in the transparency of judicial procedure.The best judi- cial transparency is on the balance point of the marginal cost to improve judicial transparency equals to marginal gain,and the evolution of the judicial transparen- cy is a dynamic contradictory action from equilibration to non-equilibration,and back to equilibration.The definition of judicial transparency is the result of the strategic games among three participants:court,related litigant parties and the public.The direct result of the non-transparent judicature is that the lawsuit be- tween related litigant parties becomes a game with incomplete information.The un- balanced information makes the related litigant parties can't make most efficient strategic choice,and therefore bring harm to their interests,and the credit of the court is doubtable.The reasons why the present judicature lacks efficient and trans- parent economic science lies in the personality of lecf-interest of the court and the judges as well as the reasonable choice of the public.Hence it should be better to make systemic creation and to incent judgers to disclose information and lower the cost of searching information for the public,and make the judicature to be effec- tively transparent.