所有权与先占行为的挂钩和脱钩——塔里木河流域水资源利用的案例研究

Associating Property with Pre-occupation and Not——Economic analysis on Talimuhe Valley Utilizing Water Resource

法律经济学认为可以通过两种互为代替的规则界定水资源的产权:所有权与先占行为挂钩的规则(先占原则)和所有权与先占行为脱钩的规则。本文通过案例分析表明,先占原则导致了塔里木河流域水资源的过度开发以及流域生态危机;但是,建立所有权与先占行为脱钩的规则是一个需要耗费社会资源的产权缔约过程,改变先占原则的产权缔约方式分为协议模式、协商模式、协调模式和科层模式,塔里木河流域运用协调模式改变先占原则,协调模式之下中央政府对于改变先占原则起到了主要的推动作用。

The rule of the water resource ownership resulted by the pre-occupa- tion is thought as the key factor that brings environment crisis on Talimuhe valley.However,it is an extremely costly process to establish a rule,which the water resource ownership is independent on the pre-occupation.Four modes (Agreement Mode,Arranging Mode,Harmony Mode and Hierarchy mode)are used to change the rule of the water resource ownership resulted by the pre-occupa- tion.Talimuhe valley chooses Harmony Mode,in which Central government is an important propellant.