专业化分工、制度引进与新中国经济增长演变的内在逻辑

Division of Labor,Introduction of Institution and the Inherent Logic of Evolution of New China's Economic Growth

由于中国经济近年来的相对成功,探寻现代经济增长的历史经验可能对于中国未来的发展以及发展中国家摆脱落后状态具有启示与借鉴意义。本文运用一个吸收新兴古典经济学与新制度经济学相关内容的分析框架来解释新中国经济增长演变的内在逻辑,得出结论:改革以前的经济失败是由于引进了超出社会制度条件所能承受的社会分工体系,从而内生地产生了阻碍制度演进的非市场协调手段,制度演进的缺失导致了分工水平演进的停滞甚至倒退;改革以后的经济成功是由于宏观价格扭曲以及交易缺乏导致存在巨大的交易诱因,这引发了市场的快速发展,进一步促进市场交易制度引进与演进,从而不断提升社会分工水平的同时又较为平缓地实现两种协调机制的转换。本文认为,中国未来的发展必须进一步促进制度引进或者演进以提升社会专业化分工水平;对于发展中国家重要的是引进与制度条件适应的分工体系,以保留制度引进与演进的市场环境。

Due to the relative success of Chinese Economy,the historical expe- rience of China to seek modern economic growth may be useful and insightful for the future development of China's Economy and for the developing country to get rid of poverty.This paper exerts a framework that absorbs both related contents of the New Classical Economics and the New Institution Economics to explain the in- herent logic for the evolution of New China's economic history.The conclusion of this paper is,the economic failure before reform is due to the introduction of a so- cial division system which are not compatible to the social institution.So it endoge- nously gives birth to non-market methods to harmonize social production,which blocks institutional evolution.The lack of institutional evolution results in stagna- tion of the level of division,even countermarch.And then the economic success after the reform is because of the drastic development of markets induced by price distortion and shortness of exchange,the advancement of institutional evolution in trade,and the constantly upgrading of the division level.Meanwhile,the harmo- nious instrument should be transformed smoothly.Thus,the paper argues China's future development must promote the institutional evolution of trade to upgrade the division level and for developing countries,the most important thing is that the in- troduction of a social division system must coincide with the social institution so that it can maintain the advantageous market condition for institutional evolution.