农地产权制度与农业经济增长——基于1949～2004年贵州省的实证分析

The Farmland Property Right Institution and Rural Economy Growth——based on the empirical analysis of Guizhou Province in 1949～2004

贵州是典型的欠发达地区,农地产权制度改革具有自己的特殊性,即在农地家庭承包责任制后,实行了"增人不增地、减人不减地"的农地政策,农地承包比较稳定,而在改革开放之前,农地产权制度处于不断调整之中。对1949～2004年贵州农地产权制度变迁与农业经济增长所进行的考察和计量研究表明:(1)土地、劳动力、化肥及资金投入是农业经济增长的基础条件;(2)半个多世纪以来,贵州农业经济增长受制度变迁的影响明显;(3)土地产权制度是农村制度安排的核心基础,土地产权制度安排是否合理直接影响了农民生产的积极性和创造性,当土地制度能够激发农民生产积极性时,农业经济增长明显加快;当土地产权制度不合理时,农业经济增长速度就会大幅度下降。这一研究的政策含义是:在建设新农村过程中,应将以土地制度创新为核心的制度创新作为农民增收致富的突破口,以制度创新为杠杆,推动新农村建设。

Guizhou is the typical undeveloped area,the farmland property right institution's reform has its particularity,namely after achieving the farmland insti- tution for contracted responsibility,implemented the farmland policy that is'in- creased the human but not to increase the land,reduces the human but not to re- duce the land',the farmland contract is very stable,but before achieving the re- form and open policy,the farmland property right institution was during the con- tinual readjustment.The inspection and the measurement research about the Guizhou province's farmland property right institution's change and agricultural economy growth from 1949 to 2004 indicates:firstly the land,the labor force, the chemical fertilizer and the fund investment is the foundamental condition on which the agricultural economy grows;Secondly is that the Guizhou province's ag- ricultural economy growth was influenced on the institution obviously since half a century;Three is the land property right institution is the countryside institution arrangement core foundation,the land property right institution arrangement is whether or not reasonable has dampened the enthusiasm and the creativity of the farmers productive forces directly,when the land institution can stimulate the farmer production enthusiasm,the agricultural economy growth is speeding up ob- viously;when land property right institution unreasonable,the agricultural econo- my growth rate can drop large scale.The policy meaning of this research is:In the process of the constructing in the new countryside,we should take the land institu- tion innovation as the core institution innovation use it as a breach which promotes the farmer increase the wealth,take the institution innovation as a release lever, impels the new rural reconstruction.