解决外部性问题的法律制度选择——民商法不容忽视

Choice of Legal Institutions to Resolve Externality Problem

庇古认为政府行政干预方式是解决外部性问题的唯一途径,科斯提出问题具有交互性,在交易成本为正的世界中,市场交易、替代型经济组织、政府行政干预和权利的法律界定四种方式都能解决外部性问题,但各有利弊。民商法在落实市场交易、替代性经济组织和权利的法律界定三种途径上,发挥着不容忽视的作用。在这一问题上,法学界普遍存在着重经济法方法,轻视民商法方法的倾向,这在理论上是错误的,在实践中是有害的。我国应重视民商法方法在解决市场失灵问题上的重要作用。

In Pigou's opinion,the administrative intervene is the only one way to resolve externality problem.But in Coase's opinion,in a real world with transac- tion costs,there are four methods to resolve externality problem,which are trans- action,economic organization,administrative intervene and legal allocation,ev- ery one of which has different strong points and weak points.To use transaction, economic organization and legal allocation to resolve externality,the function of the commercial law should not be neglected.However the nowadays Chinese juris- prudence research has paid attention to only administrative intervene and corre- sponding law branch,Economic Law,but has paid little attention on the function Commercial Law.This kind of academic tendency would be harmful to our legal re- form.We should attach enough importance to the positive function of Commercial Law on resolving the failure of free market.