环境危机与私有化：基于制度经济学视角的认知

The Environmental Crisis and Privatization:Observation from the Perspective of Institutional Economics

环境危机正在威胁人类所创造的文明,环境问题以及由此而引发的环境危机等"公地悲剧",是社会主体由于缺乏协调所致。自然资源的公有化、私有化以及两者兼具的公私一体化在一定的语境下都可以作为化解环境危机的有效手段,其中作为自然资源私有化手段的私有财产权制度和市场化手段逐渐得到学理和实践的更多认同。当然这一手段在解决以生态灾难为特质的环境危机时也存在一定的缺陷,但是相较于其他环境危机应对手段其仍具有相当比较优势。

Environment crisis is now threatening the civilization of mankind. Environmental problems and crisis that are often called‘the tragedy of the commons' were actually caused by the subject of society who did not behave in a harmonious manner.Making natural resources private or publicly-owned or joint state-private are all effective approaches to solve environmental problems,but the second method concluding system of private property rights and marketization is more preferred in theories and practices.It is should be noted that,the privatiza- tion means still has some flaws when resolving environmental crisis usually appea- ring as ecocatastrophe.However it has considerable comparative advantage,com- paring with other solutions to environmental problem.