农地制度、劳动力迁移决策及其工资变动——基于“收入补充论”的分析框架

Land Tenure System,Labor Transfer Decision and Wage's Change:A Framework of"Income Complement Theory"

均分化的农地制度安排使得中国劳动力迁移决策采用的是将进入工资经济作为农地经营的一种额外补充,而非替代。基于这种"收入补充论"的分析框架,本文认为农地制度对劳动力迁移的主要影响有三:①农地制度赋予的经济价值是中国低工资形式得以形成并长期存在的重要原因。②尽管均分化农地制度减少了"受迫型"劳动力迁移的激励,但生产的道德增加了"自主型"劳动力迁移的动机,从而促进了劳动力迁移。③这种劳动力迁移是不完全的,强化了农村家庭结构的城乡分割,这有碍于中国城乡二元结构的消解和经济社会的长远发展。为此,关键在于消除农地的价值二元性,具体包括农地制度创新,赋予农民更完整的土地权利;提高农民组织化程度,促进农业专业合作组织的发展;对农户退出农地经营进行替代性收入补偿,促进农地流转。

Under the background of average land system arrangement,Chinese labor transfer decision put entering wage economy as a complement of farmland management,but not a substitution.On the base of the analysis frame of income complement theory,the author argues that the impacts of farmland system on labor transfer mainly include three aspects as following.(a)The economic value endowed by farmland system becomes a significant reason,which makes the low wage mode come into being and exists for a long time in China.(b)The average farmland system reduces incentive force of'being compelled'labor transfer,but manufacturing morality increases the incentive of'self-determination'labor transfer that consequently promotes the labor transfer.(c)However,this kind of labor transfer is incomplete and it enforces urban-rural division of rural family structure, which impede the dissolution of Chinese urban-rural duality system and longrange development of economy and society.Hence,the key is to avoid the duality of land value,which includes innovation of farmland system,authorizing farmer the more complete land right,enhancing the grade of farmer systematization to advance the development of agricultural professional cooperating organization,giving the farmer substituting income complement after quitting farmland management, accelerating the farmland flow.