美国反垄断法经济效率进路的延续——以美国反垄断判例法的若干新发展为例

On the Well-established Economic Efficiency Approach in American Antitrust Law——Some Progress in the Antitrust Case Law of the United States

芝加哥学派的思想对美国反垄断法有着深远的影响。在2005～2007年间,美国最高法院在其判例中提出了一些新的反垄断法理论和规则:搭售案件和所有的转售价格维护案件都不再适用本身违法规则;掠夺性购买案件必须证明被告的高价购买行为造成了实际亏损且在将来可以通过垄断利润回补亏损;仅有竞争者之间存在平行行为的事实不足以支持一个合格的竞争者合谋之诉。这些案件表明美国反垄断法将延续保守主义的基本立场和经济效率进路。

The thoughts of Chicago School has deeply influenced the antitrust law of the United States.Within the period from 2005 to 2007,the U.S.Supreme Court proposed some new jurisprudence and rules on antirust in its decisions, which include:per se illegal rule no longer applies to tying arrangement and all resale price maintenance cases,a predatory-bidding case must prove the defendant has suffer actual losses caused by his bidding up input prices and has a probability of recouping the losses through the exercise of monopoly power,a pleading on antitrust conspiracy could no longer be supported by merely parallel conducts between competitors.These cases demonstrated the unchanged conservationism and economic efficiency approach in America antitrust law.