3Hamel G. Competition for competence and inter - partner learning within international alliance [ J ]. Strategic Management Journal, 1999, (2) : 83 -103.
4Edith Penrose. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm [ M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959/1995:86 -95.
5Ichak Adizes. Organizational Passages - Diagnosing and treating Lifecycle of Organizations [ J ]. Organizational Dynamics, 1979, Summer: 3-25.
6Greiner L E.当组织成长而出现的演变和变革.载于哈佛管理论文集[M].孟光裕,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1985:360.