水溶性壳聚糖对蜜蜂球囊菌抑制效果的研究

Study on the inhibitory effect of water soluble chitosan on Ascosphaera apis

蜜蜂白垩病是由蜜蜂球囊菌引起的幼虫死亡的真菌性传染病。幼虫食用变质的蜂花粉后可以引发此病。壳聚糖及其衍生物对一些常见的细菌、霉菌、酵母菌等具有抑菌作用却无任何毒性。应用生长速率法和二倍试管稀释法研究水溶性壳聚糖对蜜蜂球囊菌的抑制作用,并比较水溶性壳聚糖和两性霉素B对球囊菌的最小抑菌浓度和抑制效果。水溶性壳聚糖对蜜蜂球囊菌具有一定的抑制效果。当溶液浓度在0.01～0.10g/mL范围内时,抑菌率随着浓度增加而增大;当浓度达到0.05g/mL时,抑菌率在50%以上;当浓度趋于0.07g/mL时,抑菌率增加趋于缓慢,之后趋于稳定。浓度为0.09g/mL时,壳聚糖溶液比两性霉素B的抑制效果更好。虽然水溶性壳聚糖的最小抑菌浓度比两性霉素B要高,但从环保的、经济学的和耐药性方面来看,壳聚糖更具有优势。

Bee chalkbrood caused by fungus Ascosphaera apis is an infectious disease to result in the death of larvae,especially after their eating degenerative bee-pollen.Chitosan and its ramification can inhibit some bacteria, fungi and yeasts without any toxicity hazard.This paper studied the bacteriostatic action of water-soluble chitosan on Ascosphaera apis by the method of growth rate and compared the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)between water soluble chitosan and amphotericin B by Twice dilution technique.Results showed that the chitosan has certain antibiotic effect on the fungus Ascosphaera apis.In the range of 0.01 ~ 0.10g /ml,the higher concentration of Chitosan is,the bigger of the antifungus rate is.When the concentration is 0.05g /ml or more,the antibiotic rate is above 50%. When the concentration is increasing to 0.07g/mL,the antibiotic rate is more and more slowly than before.And after the concentration of 0.07g/mL,the antibiotic rate is towards stabilization.When the concentration is 0.09g/mL,the antibiotic effect of chitosan solution is better than that of amphotericin B.Though the MIC of Chitosan was higher than the one of,from the perspective and,Water soluble chitosan has more advantages than amphotericin B in environment -friendly,economic and antibiotics-tolerance.