采用不同处理方法检测蜂群的清理能力

Detection of hygienic ability of honeybee colony with different treatments

蜂群的清理能力强弱与蜂群的卫生行为和抗病抗螨能力强弱密切相关。试验一:为研究不同处理方法对封盖子脾的杀伤效果,我们将意大利蜜蜂封盖子脾经水分别泡2h、5h、24h;-20℃分别冰冻2h、4h;液氮、针扎和空白对照处理,放回恒温恒湿培养箱,观察并记录封盖子的出房情况。结果表明,经水泡24h、-20℃冰冻2h、-20℃冰冻4h、液氮和针扎处理后,封盖子脾在12d内的出房率为零,说明这些处理方法可致封盖子脾全部死亡,而经水泡2h、水泡5h和空白处理下封盖子均有部分出房。试验二:为检测患白垩病蜂群与健康蜂群的清理能力,我们分别采用水泡24h、-20℃冰冻24h、液氮和针扎处理封盖子脾,检测患白垩病蜂群与健康蜂群对处理过的封盖子脾的清理能力。结果表明,健康蜂群清理水泡24h或-20℃冰冻24h封盖子脾的能力显著高于白垩病患群(P<0.05)。白垩病患群和健康蜂群之间在清理行为上存在显著差异,对死亡封盖子的及时清除可能是蜜蜂抗白垩病的重要机制。选育清理能力强的性状可作为抗病育种的重要依据。

Cleaning capacity of colonies is closely related to its hygienic behavior and diseases-tolerant ability.The first experiment was designed to compare the mortality of the sealed broods treated with different methods,including the sealed broods soaked in water for 2 hours,5 hours and 24 hours,frozen at-20℃ for 2 hours and 4 hours,soaked in liquid nitrogen,pin-killed and without any treatment as controls.After that,all the broods were cultured in 34.5℃,70% incubator,and then the number of emerged bees were counted and emerging rates were analyzed.The results showed that none emerged successfully from the cells when the sealed broods were soaked in water for 24 hours,frozen at-20℃ for 2 hours and 4 hours,soaked in liquid nitrogen and pin-killed,which revealed that all the above treatments made the broods dead.In the second experiment,the same treatment methods mentioned above were used to compare the hygienic capacity between the healthy colonies and the colonies infected by chalk brood disease.The results showed that the healthy colonies had significantly stronger hygienic capacity than the ones infected by chalk brood(P<0.05).It was predicted that the timely cleaning of dead sealed broods might be an important tolerance mechanism to chalk brood disease.So selecting for honey bees of improved cleaning ability can be used as an effective trait to cultivate fine breeds of diseases-tolerant bees.