意大利蜜蜂为腾冲红花油茶授粉效果研究

Study on the effects of pollination by Apis mellifera ligustica on Camellia reticulata f.simplex

茶油的品质和产量一直备受关注,腾冲红花油茶作为云南特有的木本油料树种,如何提高其产量值得探索。本研究以腾冲红花油茶为研究对象,对其分别进行人工授粉、意大利蜜蜂自由式授粉、意大利蜜蜂强制性授粉和隔离对照授粉处理,以期为提高腾冲红花油茶的产量提供重要依据。结果表明隔离对照授粉处理中所有油茶植株均未座果、结实,在自然条件下需要动物媒介为其传粉才能完成受精作用并结实;意大利蜜蜂自由式授粉油茶座果率为25.1%,比人工授粉和强制性授粉分别提高了9.1%和12.5%;结实率达22.1%,比人工授粉和强制性授粉分别提高10.7%和11.9%;自由式授粉油茶单果鲜重为79.3g,鲜出籽率为25%,单果籽粒重为19.8g,均显著高于强制性授粉,但与人工授粉差异不显著。因此,意蜂自由式授粉是提高油茶产量的一项有效措施。

It has always been received extensive attention for the yield and quality of tea oil.Camellia reticulata f.simplex as the endemic subtropical oil trees of Yunnan province,how to improve its yield deserves exploration.In this study,four different pollination treatments on C.reticulata were simultaneously conducted,in order to provide an important basis for increasing its yield.The results showed that all trees had not any fruit and seed in the controlled treatments in the caged plots without honeybees and other pollinators and animal pollinators were needed for successful reproduction of C.reticulate.Pollination by Italian bees (Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola) in the open plots on the red-flower oil tea could improve the fruit setting rate and the fruit harvesting rate of these trees significantly.Compared with the artificial pollination in the caged plots and the pollination by Italian bees in the caged plots on oil tea,the fruit setting rate in the open pollination by Italian bees was 25.1% and was increased by 9.1% and 12.5%,respectively;meanwhile the fruit harvesting rate in the open pollination by Italian bees was 22.1% and was increased by 9.1% and 12.5%,respectively.In the open pollination treatment by Italian bees,the average fresh weight per fruit of camellia was 79.3 g,the average fresh seed-producing percentage per fruit was 25% and the average fresh seed weight in per fresh fruit was 19.8 g,which were all significantly higher than those from bee compulsory pollination,but had no obvious difference with those from artificial pollination.Therefore,employing Italian bees for open pollination of camellia during flowering duration is one of the important measures to increase the yields of rape.