4Raymond E S. The cathedral and the bazaar: musings on Linux and open source by an accidental revolutionary [ M ]. Sebastopol, CA: OReilly & Associates Inc. 30 - 35.
5Von Hippel, E. and Von Krogh, G. Open Source Software and Private -Collective Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science [ J ]. Organization Science, 2003,14 (2) : 209 - 223.
6Von Hippel E. Innovation by User Communities : Learning from Open - Source Software [ J ]. MIT Sloan Management Review, 2001,42(4) :82 - 86.
7Markus, M. L. , Manville, B. and Agres, C. E. What makes a virtual organization work? [J]. Sloan Management Review, 2000, 42( 1 ) : 13 - 26.
8Andrea Bonaccorsi and Cristina Rossi, "Why open source software may succeed?" [ J ]. Research Policy, 2003 (32) :1243 - 1258.
9Daren C. Brabham. The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies [ J ], Convergence, 2008 (14),75-90.
10James Surowiecki. The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations [ M ]. New York : Doubleday,2004.
3JOHANSSON F. The medici effect, what elephants epi- demics can teach us about innovation I-M. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press,2006.
4CHESBROUGH H. Open innovation: the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology [M]. Harvard Business School Press,2003.
5HIPPEL E V. Democratizing innovation: the evolving phe- nomenon of user innovation [J]. Journal Far Betrieb Swirtschah, 2005,55 (1) : 63-78.
6HIPPEL E V. Democratizing innovation: the evolving phe- nomenon of user innovationEJJ. International Journal of In- novation Science, 2009. 1(1) :29-40.
7HIPPEL E V. The dominant role of users in the scientific instrument innovation process[J]. Research Policy, 1976,5 (3) :212-239.
8HOWE J. The rise or crowdsourcing[J]. Wired Magazine, 2006,14(6) : 1-4.
9WINSOR J. Crowdsourcing: what it means for innovation [J]. BusinessWeek Online,2009,3(4) : 156-158.
