大叶相思人工林木材理化特性及利用方式的研究

STUDY ON PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARCTERISTICS AND SELECTION FOR UTILIZATION MODEL OF ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS PLANTATION

对同林龄不同林分大叶相思人工林木材试验地的生长量调查、化学组成测定及相关部位利用的研究 ,结果表明 :萌生林分比实生林分的材积和生物量分别提高 14 8%和 4 3 4 % ,证实速生树种形成次生林的幼树具有早期速生的特点 ;不同林分材性变化不明显 ,木材基本密度均≤ 0 .6 0g·cm- 3,纤维长度为 898～ 916μm ,壁腔比 0 5 6～ 0 6 0 (<1) ,纤维柔性系数 5 9 3～ 6 8 5 ,在 75～ 5 0范围内。采用KP法制浆 ,细浆得率达 4 4 %以上 ,木浆物理性能均达本色硫酸盐阔叶木浆标准 ;萌生林分鲜原胶产量大于实生林分 ,单株平均净增产鲜原胶 1 4 2kg ;挂胶与否对木材化学组成无影响而对树皮有影响 ,但不论挂胶与否 ,其树皮含单宁量高达 9 97%～ 11 4 0 % (>8% ) ,用于制备栲胶 ,产品质量及鞣革性能均优于国产一级木麻黄栲胶标准 ;木材、枝丫材作培养基栽培香菇等食用菌 ,其产量和生物效率与木屑对照组比较 ,均值差异达极显著 (F <F0 .0 5)。以各产品所产生的经济效益为依据 ,进行最佳利用方式的研究 ,结果得出大叶相思人工林以 3a生萌生林挂放紫胶虫、采收后砍伐、剥皮 ,然后将去皮材和枝丫材做食用菌生产原料 ,树皮做栲胶生产原料的利用组合方式 。

The growth volume of Acacia auriculiformis tree was investigated at the same age and the different forest stand,its chemical composition was determined and utilization of pertinent regions were studied.The results showed that the volume of timber and the biomass of the tree had increased by 14.8% and 43.4% respectively when it was compared coppice stand to seeding stand.It proved that the young trees developed from fastgrowing species would be fastgrowing in its early period.Its wood properties were changed a little by its forest stand.Its average basic density is lighter than 0.60?g·cm -3 ,its fiber length is 898～916?μm,its radio of wall to cavity is 0.56～0.6(<1),and its fiber suppleness proportion is 59.3～ 68.5(it is among the range from 75 to 50).The yield of screen stock is more than 44% when pulping by Kraft process,the quality of wood pulp meets the standard of hard wood KP pulp. Acacia auriculiformis is the perfect host of Lac insects.The yield of tree stick lac from coppice stand is higher than that from seeding stand;The net increase production of tree stick lac is 1.42kg.The chemical composition of wood was almost the same and that of the bark was different slightly when the trees were stocked by lac insects,and the tannin amount of bark reached to 9.97%～11.40%(>8%)also.The product quality and the properties of tanning extracts made from this bark were better than the first degree of GB2619 81.When the trunk and branch is used for culture medium of domestic fungus,such as Pasania fungus,the yield of Pasania fungus and biological efficiency were remarkable higher than control groups.The optimum utilize process was studied depending on economic benefit exploiting from vary products. The best economic benefit will be yield from the artificial forest of Acacia auriculiformis when the following process is followed.Firstly,the 3 year old coppice stands were stocked by lac insects. Then cut was down after collecting the tree stick lac and debarking the trunk and the branch.Thirdly,the debarking trunk and branch was used for culture medium of domestic fungus and the bark was used for producing tanning extracts.