对美国渔业管理模式的初步探讨

A primary discussion on the mode of fisheries management in USA

美国的渔业法规体系经过几十年的制定和修订已趋完善。目前的管理现状首先是重视立法和执法 ,并实现了由生产型向管理型、由对资源和环境的管理转为对人的管理 ,并用科研指导管理 ,设立渔区管理理事会 ,发挥群众的管理作用。与美国的管理模式相比 ,中国首先应该改善管理体制、加强科研投入、建立渔民协会发挥群众的管理作用。试图通过探讨美国的渔业管理模式 ,和我国目前所应用的渔业管理进行对比分析 ,从中找出可供我国学习并借鉴的方面 ,并得出一些初步的设想与建议 ,以供有关渔业管理部门参考。

Fisheries management system in the United States has become more and more complete after decades of practice. In this system, fisheries legislation and fisheries law enforcement has been greatly strengthened. The core of the fisheries management work has been changed from fishery itself to management of fishery, from management of the resources and environment to the management of people. Management measures are also well supported by the fisheries scientific research. Local fishery associations have been established in order to improve the role of the fishermen in the management work. Compared with the management system in the United States, the management system in China should be improved. More budget should be invested in the fisheries scientific research. Fishery association composed of mostly fishermen should be established to improve the role of the fishermen in the management work. This paper tries to discuss the mode of fisheries management in USA, and compare that mode with the Chinese fisheries management mode; then find out some aspects which are worth learning and using for reference . Finally, it concludes with some primary suggestions and advice for the fisheries management department for reference.