“上”、“下”带宾语的对称性和非对称性之考察

The symmetrical or asymmetrical structure of the nouns after"上"(Shang)and"下"(Xia)

"上"、"下"带名词构成的动宾结构,由于"上"、"下"和所带名词 N 的语形和语义的相互影响、相互制约以及这两个词在语言历时变化中语法化方向和程度的不同,使得"上"、"下"与所带名词之间形成若干类既有联系又有区别的格式,有的形成对称式,有的形成非对称式(偏上式,偏下式),还有的形成语形上对称而语义上非对称的格式。本文从"上"、"下"的意义出发把"上"、"下"带名词构成的动宾结构分成三类,从与之搭配的名词之间的语形语义的关系讨论"上"、"下"带名词构成的动宾结构所蕴含的规律与条件。Theverbal phrase with verb"上"and"下",

The verb phrase with noun after'上'(Shang)and'下'(Xia),with the interacting be- tween the language form and meaning of the noun,and with the difference in the degree of the grammarliza- tion through time,formed constructions which are related but belong to different types.Some are symmetri- cal,some are asymmetrical,and some are symmetrical in language form but asymmetrical in meaning.On the basis of the meaning of'上'(Shang)and'下'(Xia),the structure can be divided into three types,and through the study of the nouns after'上'(Shang)and'下'(Xia),the rules and conditions implied in the structure are discussed.