语境意识的崛起——语言学转向对文学理论和批评的一种影响

Emergence of Context Consciousness -An Influence of Linguistics Turns to Literature Theory and Criticism

20世纪的语言学转向对文学理论和批评的影响除了本体论的语言观,还有一个重要影响——语境。语境这个语言学术语,随着语言学转向后期的自我批判,也频繁地出现在各个研究领域。这时的语境不再是一个语言学范畴,而是一种新的语境思维方式。语境意识由来已久,她的足迹甚至可以追溯到文学理论和批评的萌生时期。进入20世纪,语境意识由自发走向自觉时代,以扩展和内敛两种方式广泛参与到文化学批评、新批评、新历史主义批评等批评类型中来。语境意识作为一种古老而新生的思维方式,是语言学转向带来的一种重要影响。

Except of the language view of ontology, one is influenced importantly by Linguistics turns in the 20th century in the field of literature theory and criticism--Context. Context appears frequently in each field of human social science. The context at this moment is no longer a linguistics category, but a kind of new mode of thinking. The context consciousness is long-standing, and her footprint can even trace back to the germinating period of the literature theory and criticism. In the 20th century, she moves towards conscientious era by spontaneous one, and participates in many types of criticism by two ways of expanding and holding back inside--Cultural Criticism, New Criticism, Neo-historicism Criticism etc. Context consciousness, as one old and new way of thinking, is an important influence by Linguistics turns.