明代皇后生存状态与后权的式微

The Survival State of Queens in the Ming Dynasty and the Decline of Queens' Power

明代皇后从初期独尊有为到末年贬抑无为,生存状态呈不断恶化趋势,主要与皇帝"废后"打压、宠妃恃宠挑衅有密切关系。究其深层原因,特殊选妃制度使后妃处于完全依附状态,后权缺乏制度保障,皇帝退回深宫导致后权急剧萎缩。这种状况产生深远影响,皇后对皇帝的规劝效能丧失,后权式微,进而恶化储君生存环境。

The queens took part in the politics in the early Ming Dynasty, but later became unimportant. Their survival state had been deteriorating. The main reasons are the suppression from the emperors that deprive the title of queens, the challenge from concubines beloved by the emperors. The underlying causes are the special system of concubines election that makes concubines completely dependent on the emperors. The power of queen lot legal system and emperors spent most of their time in the court,as a result, the power of queens sharply declined. So the queens lost the performance in persuading emperors, and the survival environment of crown prince also declined.