民国时期文官群体初探

A System and A Group:A Review of the Emergence and Influence of Civil Service Group in the Public of China

文官自诞生之日起,就对社会秩序的稳定,起着非常重要的作用。1911年辛亥革命爆发,推翻了满清政府。但局势动荡,政治失序,为了寻求秩序重建,民国政府又把从中国传到西方的文官制度移植回来,加以变革,在民国肇造,百废待兴的时期,对民国社会的稳定发挥了非常重要的作用。本文试图提出文官群体的概念,并论证何以称其为群体,同时本文认为文官群体在民国时期对社会秩序的重建和维持,对人事制度、法律制度、教育制度、社会风俗等向现代化转型起到了一定的推动作用。

The civil service play an important role in the maintenance of social stabilization. In ancient China, the comprehensive civil service system had been established around the imperial examination system, which was introduced into the western countries in early modern ages. The Revolution of 1911, also called Xinhai Year's Revolution, eventually pulled down the Qing government, whereas brought about serious political disturbance at the same time. In order to reestablish social peace, the Republic of China's central government transplanted back the modern civilian system from western countries, and then made some renovations in the new situation. This renewed civil servant system was different from the imperial examination system. The former made a great contribution to the stabilization of new society and the reconstruction of new country.