汉语外来词的词素分析及词素类型

The Morpheme Analysis and Types of Chinese Loanwords

外来词素是指源于外族语言,经过汉语改造的相对独立的最小音义结合体。也是汉语词素丰富自身的重要来源之一。该文对外来词从构词单位的角度进行分析,即将外来词按照其基本类型进行词素分析。进而归纳出外来词素的类型:单音节外来词素和多音节外来词素(语音形式方面),汉字型外来词素和字母型外来词素(书写形式方面),衍生性和非衍生性外来词素(构词能力方面)。

Foreign morpheme is an important resource that Chinese morpheme makes itself rich by using them. The so-called foreign morpheme refers to the smallest combination of sound and meaning which is derived from foreign language and is transformed in Chinese language. That the concept 'foreign morpheme' came up is closely related to the deep research into loanwords. We can analyze the loanwords from the point of view of word-building units. That is to say, we can conduct morpheme analysis of loanwords according to the basic type of loanwords. Through these analysis, we can sum up the types of foreign morphemes: monosyllabic loan-morpheme and multi-syllabic loan-morpheme(phonetic form); Chinese character-based loan-morpheme and letter-based loan-morpheme (written form); derivative and non-derivative morphemes (word-building capacity).