洱海流域农村面源污染对水环境的影响及其控制对策

The Influence on Water Environment of Non-point Source Pollution in the Countryside of Erhai Basin and the Controlling Measures

随着经济社会发展、旅游开发、产业结构不合理等因素的影响,洱海流域水环境质量面临着严峻的考验。通过对洱海流域农业污染源的评价分析发现:流域农业面源污染占河流、湖泊营养物负荷总量的70%以上,是洱海最主要的氮磷污染源,其中农业生产带来的化肥和畜禽粪便流失污染已成为流域主要污染源。该文基于洱海流域面源污染特征的综合分析,从农村生活污水控制、畜禽养殖污染防治、种植业污染控制和水土流失治理四个重点领域进行了探讨,并提出了相应的对策。

With economic and social development, tourism development and industry restructuring, the water environment quality of Erhai basin faced severe challenges. It was found from the comprehensive analysis of the whole basin’s pollution source that the proportion of agricultural pollution source is up to 70% in the lake eutrophication. Nitrogen and Phosphorus are the main pollution source, which mainly comes from fertilizer and animal manure. This paper analyzes the characteristics of non-point source pollution from Erhai basin, trying to discuss the controlling measures on sewage from the four fields on domestic sewage, domestic fowl and livestock farming, crop farming, water and soil erosion.