性唤起心理过程的脑机制研究综述

The Review on Brain Mechanism of Mental Process of Sexual Arouse

性活动是人类最重要的活动之一,大脑在性活动的唤醒过程中又起着关键作用。近年来认知神经科学的研究发现,在性唤起心理过程中,对应于认知、动机、情绪表现和自主神经活动四个方面,人的大脑有相应的活动方式,主要表现在:①认知过程主要是对性刺激的注意和编码评估,此过程激活的脑区有枕叶视觉区、顶叶皮质和前额叶;②动机过程是对性刺激诱发的性冲动的监控与调节,主要涉及的脑区为前扣带回、前额叶背外侧皮层;③情绪表现为伴随性唤起时的极度兴奋,此时,杏仁核、丘脑、小脑呈显著激活状态;④自主反应表现为性唤起时内分泌系统激活及对性器官的调节反应,脑岛和下丘脑对此调控扮演了重要角色。

It is known that Sexual activity is one of the most important human activities, in which brain plays a key role in the arousal processing stage. Recently, studies of cognitive neural science have found that brain has different activities regarding to cognition, motivation, emotional performance and the automatic component in the process of sexual arouse. These studies show that: a. cognitive process, which involves the activation of occipital visual areas, parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex, mainly plays the role to attend and code the sexual stimulus; b. motivation process, which involves the activation of anterior cingulate gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, mainly plays the role to monitor and regulate the sexual impulse induced by sexual stimulus; c. emotional performance, which involves the activation of amygdala, thalamus and cerebellum, is expressed with the extreme excitement when sexually aroused; d. The Automatic component, which involves the insula and hypothalamus, can be found acted as endocrine system arousing and regulating sexual organs.