中国国家资源环境安全的国际比较分析

An International Comparative Study on the National Resources-Environment Security of China

作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国的资源环境现实基础表现出明显脆弱的特征。国际比较分析的结果表明,在世界人口超过1亿以上国家中,目前中国国家资源环境的安全状态仅略优于日本,处在10个人口大国倒数第二的位置上。更严重的问题是,未来人口的增长和生活水平的提高对现已十分脆弱的国家资源环境安全基础产生着巨大的压力。若在此问题上出现认识和发展政策上的失误,便会产生巨大的负面效应,严重影响中国国家现代化进程。为此,建议21世纪中国可持续发展战略的首要任务应定位在:确保国家资源环境安全的稳定性。考虑到中国可持续发展的实际需求,中国未来国家资源环境安全战略的政策调整模式可以考虑为:国家资源环境安全的稳定性=严格人口控制×(推进资源深度化加工+加大科技投入+扩展资源国际化+改善环境基础+强化全民教育)。

A fragile resource-environment base of China can be figured out when compared with 9 selected countries of the world with a population over 100 million of each. The result shows that the general situation of China's resource-environment security is just better than that of Japan but quite worse than that of all the eight others. More seriously, China will have a greater and greater pressure on its weakened natural resource-environment base as its population is growing up and the living standard rising up in the next 20 to 50 years simultaneously. To maintain its resource-environment base in stability through a development policy readjustment, the followings are recommended : tightening population control, improving the national production efficiency, increasing inputs in science and technology, expanding international material trade, strengthening public resource-environment security education.