前列腺癌的早期诊断

Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

[目的]探讨前列腺癌（PC）的早期诊断和筛查方法，评价其临床应用价值。[方法]应用直肠指诊（DRE），直肠超声（TRUS），放射免疫法测定前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）并计算其密度（PSAD）等方法，检测178例PC及前列腺增生病例，比较各检测方法对PC的早期诊断价值。[结果]DRE，TRUS阳性率分别为52.94%,73.53%,以PSA>10ng/ml,PSAD>0.15为界值，其阳性预测值分别为69%，67%，[结论]DRE，PSA，PSAD，TRUS诊断方法的联合应用，结合TRUS引导下的前列腺穿刺活检是目前筛查和早期诊断PC的主要手段。

ObjectivesTo study the screening method and early diagnosis of prostate cancer(PC) and evaluate the significance of its clinical application.MethodsDigital rectal examination (DRE)and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) were carried out in 178 patients with PC and benign prostate hypertrophy.Their levels of prostate specific antigen(PSA) were also estimated and its density (PSAD) calculated. Then the significance of these detecting methods in the early diagnosis of PC was compared.ResultsThe positive rates of DRE,TRUS, PSA and PSAD in PC patients were 52.94%,73.53%,69% and 67% (normal critical levels:PSA<10ng/ml,PSAD<0.15) respectively.ConclusionThe application of DRE, TRUS,PSA and PSAD in combination with transrectal aspiration biopsy is the main route for screening and early diagnosis of PC at present.