人口死亡研究的展开

Development of the studies on population mortality

当前 ,在人口死亡现象和研究方面有一些新的内容值得注意 :(1 )人口寿命的延长趋势。发达国家的人口寿命增加的幅度虽然很小 ,但还有所增加 ,人口寿命增长是否有极限 ?发展中国家的平均寿命一度增加很快 ,但现在已放慢了速度。今后世界人口的寿命将如何变化 ?(2 )从人口死亡到人口健康的研究。随着人的平均寿命的延长和人口老龄化 ,不健康的人群绝对数和占全部人口的相对比例也增大。人们对生命质量的关心 ,呼唤着对人口健康研究的重视。 (3 )环境对人口健康 ,人口死亡的影响 ,人口、资源、环境问题已成为全球共同关注的问题。由于人们不合理的生产和生活方式导致了自然环境的破坏 ,已危及到人类的自身的生存。环境公害 ,有毒物质对人体的伤害 ,几乎无人能够幸免。 (4 )“安乐死”的问题。在人类历史上 ,自然死亡一直被人们认为是结束生命的唯一合理形式。这个理念现在受到了挑战。关于安乐死是否合理牵涉到现存的人性、伦理、道德和法律等诸多方面 ,要判断是非 ,可说是世界上的一道难题。

There are some new phenomena and fields in the population mortality researches which should be paid more attention to : (1) the life span has a tendency to be increased . The increase in the developed countries seemed to be slowing down but it still exists .The average ages in the developing countries used to go up , but the speed has also slowed down now . So people are wondering whether the increase has a limitation and how much the life of the world-wide population would be prolonged in the future . (2) The study interest has turned from the population morality to its health . The absolute amount of the unhealthy people and its comparative proportion in the whole population has increased because of the prolonging of the average ages and the population aging . The researches into the population health should be paid more attention to owing to the growing concerning about the living quality .(3) The environment has more and more influences on the population health and its morality , so the relations between population , resources and the environment have been concerned about throughout the world . The irrational producing and living processes have damaged the natural environment , which has endangered the human beings themselves . Nobody can escape from the public pollution and the damage of the poisonous materials . (4) The euthanasia has become a new problem people are faced with . The natural morality has been considered as the only resonable form in the human's history , but it has been challenged now . It is a very big problem to decide if it is right to accept the euthanasia for there are so many factors affecting it such as human nature , moral principles and laws etc.