枣粮间作复合种植对作物生态及产量的动态影响

Development effect of compound plant on crop ecology and yield in grain-jujube intercropping

为探明枣粮间作复合种植对作物生态及产量的动态影响 ,进行了 3年的系统研究。结果表明 :①枣粮间作复合系统的生态因子发生了变化 ,实现了较高层次上的互补效应。枣粮间作复合种植对作物冠层光照强度有一定的影响 ,表现为树冠对间作物的遮阴影响 ,枣树各生长期树冠透光率不同 ,以枣头生长高峰期和果实成熟期影响最重 ,树冠透光率分别为 38%和 49%。同时枣粮间作可起到调节空气温、湿度和减少土壤水分蒸发的生态效应。②间作物产量发生了动态变化 ,形成了明显的增产区和减产区 ,光饱和点低的冬小麦和夏大豆增产区和减产区分界线在距树干 2m ,分别较对照增产 9 3%和 5 9%。光饱和点高的夏玉米和夏谷增减产分界线在距树干 4m ,平均表现减产 ,分别较对照减产 4 8%和 5 2 %。

The systematic study results in the three years showed:(1)There exists ecolgy factor in compound plant structure in grain-jujube intercropping. The annual of jujube tree differs illumination strength. Sunlight accumulation capacity of crop canopy balance was 38%～49% on control.In tha sametime jujube tree improves field microclimate.It regulates temperature and relative humidity,decreases evapotranspiration capacity.This ecology factor changes the compound plant structure in grain-jujube intercropping,realizes ecology mend each other on high administruction.(2)Crop yield produces the development changes.There exists clear increase district and decrease district:wheat and soyabean′s increase and decrease yield line of demarcation distance 2m on tree;Increase yield area is bigger to decrease yield area,and it increase 9.3%～5.9% on control.Thus,maize and millet increase and decrease yield line of demarcation distance 4 m on tree.Decrease yield area is bigger to increase yield area,decrease yield 4.8%～5.2% on control.