中国小麦硬度分布及遗传分析

Distribution of Grain Hardness in Chinese Wheat and Genetic Analysis

用 10 0份冬麦和 4 1份春麦调查了小麦品种的硬度分布及其与籽粒性状的相关性 ,用荔垦 2号 /豫麦 2号、85中 33/温麦 6号和 85中 33/ 95中 4 5 9,共 3个组合的P1、P2 、F1、F2 和F3 研究了硬度的遗传规律。用单粒谷物特性测定仪 (SKCS)和近红外仪 (NIR)测定的硬度值间存在较高的相关性 ,r =0 .85～ 0 .94 ;硬度与角质率r =0 .73～ 0 .79,在同一环境条件下 ,可用角质率来初步判断硬度。我国小麦硬度变化范围大 ,表现为硬质麦、软质麦和混合类型小麦共存 ,总体上 ,北部冬麦区品种硬度较高 ,南方冬麦区小麦硬度较低 ,春麦品种以硬质类型为主。硬度与大多数籽粒性状相关不显著 ,与面粉白度呈极显著负相关 ,与出粉率和面粉灰分间的相关系数因冬春麦类型而不同。硬度受以加性效应为主、显性效应为辅的 1对主基因和一些微效基因控制 ,软质对硬质为显性 ,遗传力较高 ,为 0 .78。

A hundred winter wheat and 41 spring wheat varieties and advanced lines were used to investigate the distribution of hardness in Chinese wheat and associations between kernel hardness and other kernel traits. P 1, P 2, F 1, F 2 and F 3 from three crosses, i.e., Liken2/Yumai2, 85Zhong33/Wenmai6 and 85 Zhong33/ 95 Zhong459 were sown to study the genetics of grain hardness. Significant correlation was observed between hardness measured by Single Kernel Characteristic System (SKCS) and Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, r ranging from 0.85 to 0.94. Chinese wheat is a mixed population in terms of hardness, ranging from very soft to very hard. For wheat sown in autumn, in general, grain hardness decreases from north to south, and for spring sown wheat, hard type takes a major position. Hardness is negatively associated with flour color, and its associations with flour yield and ash content differ between winter and spring wheats. Grain hardness are controlled by one major gene and several minor genes with additive effect mostly, but dominant effect is also observed. Softness is dominant to hard type and its heritability is 0.78.