湖南省20世纪九十年代霍乱流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of cholera in Ine 1990s in Hunan Province.

目的 分析湖南省90年代霍乱流行状况和特征。方法 应用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果 1993～1999年湖南省霍乱发病率在0.03/10万～1.96/10万之间,病死率为1.73％,流行高峰期为7～9月,京广铁路沿线和湘南地区为高危区,湘西、怀化、永州等山区为主要流行区,年龄以青壮年为主,农民占绝大多数,流行形式以暴发为主,传播途径主要是借水传播。结论 我省属霍乱传入性地区,在防治对策上应以保证提供安全饮用水为主,其次是加强腹泻病门诊监测以及早发现疫情、控制暴发次数与规模,同时要特别加强边远山区的霍乱防治。

Objective To analyze the present epidemic situation and features of cholera in the 1990s in Hunan Province. Methods The epidemic data of cholera reported in 1993- 1999 was collected and analyzed by means of descriptive epidemiology. Results The incidence rate of cholera was between 0.03/100 000 - 1.96/100 000 with a fatality rate of 1.73% .The epidemic peak periods were from July to September,along the Beijing- Guangzhou railway,southern Hunan was the high risk areas as it was mainly prevalent in the mountainous areas of Xiangxi,Huaihua,Yongzhou,principally occurred to young inhabitants and those at the age of 10 -60 years(most of them were farmers)and with a transmission mode of outbreaks through contaminated water. Conclusion Hunan Province belongs to an area of introduced cholera. The chief strategies for control of cholera were provision of safety drinking water, intensification of monitoring of outpatients with diarrhea so as to discover the infections early and control the number and extent of outbreaks. Meanwhile the work for the control the disease in mountainous areas also be strengthened.