从“双重遏制”到“双重规制”——战后美韩军事同盟的历史考察

From "Double Containments" to "Double Regulations":A Historical Investigation of the Postwar U.S.-ROK Alliance

本文的重点在于探讨第二次世界大战结束以来美韩军事同盟的结构调整与功能转化 ,特别是该同盟在由“双重遏制”(遏制朝鲜、遏制共产主义 )向“双重规制”(规制朝鲜、规制半岛周边大国 )转变的过程中所体现出来的历史延续性 ,以求对冷战后美韩军事同盟的性质及其发展前景有一个清晰的认识。文章同时指出 ,美国之所以坚持在未来“朝鲜威胁”不复存在的情况下继续保留驻韩美军 ,既是其亚太安全总体战略的一种直接体现 ,也是对东北亚安全形势未来发展的一种“政策因应”。这表明美国正在为美韩同盟的前途进行重新规划 ,并已经开始为其未来角色进行一种新的定位。

The discussion of this article is centered on the postwar structural readjustments and functional changes in the U.S.-ROK security alliance. To have a clear understanding of the nature and future of the alliance, we should study the historical continuity shown in the transformation from double containments (containing North Korea and communism) to double regulations (regulating North Korea and bigger nations surrounding the Peninsula). The United States' persistence in stationing forces in South Korea even after the 'North Korean threat' disappears in the future not only directly demonstrates its strategy in Asia-Pacific security, but also shows the coping of policy with new security situation in the future. This foretells that a new framework is being planned for the U.S.-ROK alliance in which the United States will redefine its role.