中国材料工业发展的现状与展望

Current Status and Prospect of Materials Industry Development in China

传统材料由金属材料、无机非金属材料和高分子材料组成。在我国包括钢铁、有色金属、建筑材料、石油化工和纺织等工业部门。我国已发展成为材料生产大国 ,粗钢、锌、水泥、平板玻璃、建筑卫生陶瓷及合成纤维等原材料的产量已跃居世界首位 ,但存在着装备技术落后、劳动生产率低下和产业结构不合理等问题。本文在对我国资源、能源、生态环境和可持续发展 ,国民经济的稳步增长和世界技术进步趋势分析的基础上 ,面对我国进入 WTO后的机遇与挑战 ,着重提出了材料工业的共性关键技术和发展战略。

Traditional material consists of metallic materials, inor ganic nonmetallic materials and polymer materials. In China, materials industry includes steel、 colored metals、 building materials、petrochemical and textile industry. The yield of the traditional materials of our country, such as steel, zinc, cement, plate glass, ceramics and synthetic fibers, is the first in the wo r ld. But there are a series of problems: the backwardness of the technological eq uipment, lower labor productivity and non equitable of products structure of th e materials industry. Based on the analysis of the resources、 power、 ecologica l environment and sustainable development, stable growth of our country economy and also the trends of technological progress of the world, it is described that Chinese materials industry will face the opportunity and challenges after enter ing WTO. It is pointed out that some common key technologies and development str ategy, the important research projects and some suggestions are put forward.