不同工龄噪声作业青年工人10～20kHz听阈的测试分析

Analysis of Thresholds From 10 to 20 kHz In Young Workers Exposed to Noise for Different Working Time

目的 探讨噪声作业青年工人 10～ 2 0kHz听阈变化特征。方法 应用频率范围 0 .5～ 2 0kHz的纯音听力计对 35 6名噪声作业青年工人按不同工龄分组进行 10～ 2 0kHz阈值的检测 ,其中对工龄一年的青年工人进行纯音听力分析 ,以 4 1名同年龄段的健康人作为对照组。结果 在 95～ 115dB(A)的噪声强度下 ,1～ 4年工龄组14～ 2 0kHz、5～ 6年工龄组 16～ 2 0kHz未检出率及各工龄组 10～ 16kHz听阈阈值明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1) ,其中 2 0kHz有反应组 10～ 2 0kHz的听阈值与对照组比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,2 0kHz无反应组的平均听阈阈值明显高于 2 0kHz有反应组 (P <0 .0 1)。随着工龄的增长 ,4年以上各工龄组 18～ 2 0kHz听阈阈值及未检出率出现明显变化。结论 接触噪声作业的青年工人 10～ 2 0kHz听阈变化主要在接触噪声的第一年 ,接触噪声 4年工龄以上 18～ 2 0kHz可出现明显变化。噪声作业的青年工人上岗前及工作第一年需常规检查 10～ 2 0kHz听阈阈值 。

Objective To assess the change of 10～20 kHz thresholds in young workers with the history of noise exposure.Methods 356 workers in different working time group wrer examined by pure tone audiometry(0.5～20 kHz).41 normal subjects served as the control group.Results The incidence of ears without any response to the maximum output from 14 to 20 kHz with working time 1～4 years and from 16～20 kHz with working time 5～6 years and the thresholds from 10 to 16 kHz with each working time group were much higher compared with nomal subjects.As working time increased ,the incidence of ears without any response to the maximum output and the thresholds from 18 to 20 kHz were changed more significantly after 4 years working time.Compared with control group.workers who had response 20 kHz maximum output had no significant difference in the thresholds at frequency range of 10～20 kHz( P >0.05).Compared with the thresholds of workers who had response to 20 kHz maximum output was much higher at the frequency range of 10 to 18 kHz( P >0.01).Conclusion The change of thresholds mainly happened in the first working year.As working time increased,the incidence of ears without any response to the maximum output and the thresholds from 18 to 20 kHz were changed more significantly after 4 years working time.The examination of hearing at 10～20 kHz was required for new noise exposure workers and during the first working year,which helped to find the possible susceptibility of subject to noise damage.