湖北省813名聋校学生听力损失的病因学调查

An Etiological Study on Hearing Loss of 813 Deaf Students in Hubei Province

目的 探讨湖北省聋校学生听力损失的病因及听力状况。方法 采用问卷调查、听力测验及系谱分析等方法 ,对湖北省 813名聋校学生进行了调查。结果 共获 2 2 7个耳聋家系 ,其中 16 7个可确定遗传方式 ;除 12名聋儿为传导性聋外 ,其余均为感音神经性聋。在 2 32名 (占 2 8.5 % )先天性聋儿中 ,有家族史并能确定遗传方式的有 78人 ,产期致聋 4 9人 ;在 5 81名 (占 71.5 % )后天性聋儿中 ,2 18人 (37.5 2 % )为氨基糖甙类抗生素引起的耳聋 ,有家族史并能确定遗传方式的有 89人 (10 .9% ) ;听力损失程度 :极度聋 35 9人 (44 .1% ) ,重度聋 32 3人 (39.7% ) ,中重度聋 111人 (13.7% ) ,中度聋 11人 (1.4 % ) ,轻度聋 9人 (1.1% )。结论 聋校学生听力损失以极度聋、重度聋为多 ,遗传因素及使用耳毒性药物是导致耳聋的重要原因。

Objective In order to study the etiology and the hearing status of the deaf students in Hubei province, a survey was carried out from April 1999 to June 2000.Methods A total number of 813 deaf students in Hubei province were examined with audiometer and investigated through questionnaire. The pedigress analysis was conducted in deaf students with family history.Results The pedigrees of 227 familes with deafness were obtained, the inheritance pattern of 167 families could be ascertained. 232(28.5%) deaf students were diagnosed congenital deafness, 581 (71.5%) students were diagnosed acquired deafness. The degrees of deafness could be ascertained with 359(44.1%) students of profound deafness, 323(39.7%) students of severe deafness, 111(13.7%) students with moderate to severe deafness, 11(1.4%) students of moderate deafness, and 9(1.1%) students of mild deafness.Conclusion The hearing loss of deaf students is very serious, and genetic factor and ototoxic antibiotics were a principal causation in the occurrence of deafness.