厦门马尾松松针精油特征及其动态

Compositions and Seasonal Patterns of Essential Oils in Pinus massoniana L. Needles from Xiamen

应用水蒸馏分离、有机溶剂提取和气 质联用仪分析等方法 ,研究了厦门岛马尾松 (Pinusmassoniana)松针精油的主要成分和相对含量在一年之中的变化情况 .分析了松针精油主要成分及其相对含量在各个采样月份中分布特征间的相互关系 .从松针中分离 5 4种成分 ,其中确定的成分 44种 .确定的成分主要为单萜和倍半萜 ,少量物质为二萜 ,烷烃衍生物以及安息香酸和水杨酸的苯甲基酯 .Mann WhitneyU检验表明 ,有近一半的马尾松松针精油成分含量的季节间变化并不显著 ,但成分数的变化亦如此 .在确定的主要成分中 ,四季成分含量间无显著差异的有Δ 杜松烯 ,α 萜品油烯 ,β 波旁烯 ,α Muurolene ,β 芹子烯 ,α 萜品烯 ,β 法呢烯和莰烯 .春季和冬季以及夏季和秋季分别相似的有 β 石竹烯 ,β 蒎烯 ,α 杜松醇 ,(+) 斯巴醇 ,α Copaene和杜松 1,4

Compositions and seasonal patterns of essential oils of Pinus massoniana L. needles obtained by steam distillation from seashore of Xiamen located in the west bank of Taiwan Strait, China were investigated by GC and GC/MS. More than 50 constituents were separated, characterized and quantified, of which 44 positively identified. The majority of the components were found to be monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Minor substances were mainly diterpene, alkane derivatives as well as the esters of varied acid. The dominating compositions were β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, β-pinene, α-cadinol, (-)-bornyl acetate, (+)-spathulenol, δ-cadinene, β-elemene, α-humulene, α-amorphene, α-terpinolene, β-bourbonene, α-muurolene, α-copaene, α-pinene, β-selinene, naphthalene, α-terpinene, cadina-1, 4-diene, β-farnesene, δ-3-carene, and camphene. Differences in compounds quantity and the relative proportions of main terpene of pine needles between seasons were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. The result shows that the most abounding compounds were found in April, and June was the next; most of the main terpene contents were not different significantly among seasons (P=0.05). Principal components analysis indicated that the profiles of young needles in September, mature needles in August and October, and samples from February and November might play important roles in interrelation study of different months.