双复射孔器

Hybrid Enhanced Perforator.

分析了现有射孔器存在的问题。论述了复式射孔枪和射孔弹的原理结构。双复式射孔器主要由复式射孔枪、复式射孔弹两部分组成。复式射孔枪是由内枪和外枪双层枪组合而成 ,可以尽量减薄枪壁的厚度并解决枪体胀径超标问题。外枪采用小直径薄底盲孔 ,以减小射流通过盲孔的能量损耗 ,不预制泄压孔 ;内枪采用全封闭结构 ,以实现复式射孔弹能量的集束释放。复式射孔弹是由增效头 (内装火药 )与肩台装药式射孔弹两部分同轴组合而成。复式射孔弹拉近了射流峰压与火药燃气峰压的时差 ,加速了火药燃气脉冲沿射流方向同轴加载的过程。射孔弹采用肩台式装药 ,进而增强扩孔造缝的威力。因为该型射孔器既可以适当扩大枪径 ,又具有穿孔深、孔容大、造缝、解堵力强、减小对套管损伤等特点 ,因此提出在新井 (或新层 )特别是中、低渗透油层中射孔 。

This paper analyses the problems of the conventional perforators. It discusses the theoretical structure about the new gun body and charges. In new wells (or intervals),hybrid enhanced perforator is the best selected one.It consists of dual gun body and hybrid enhanced charges. The gun body contains the inner and outside gun bodies. Inflation of the gun body which is beyond the standards can be avoided by using this kind of gun body, meanwhile thickness of the gun body can be reduced in proper scope.Under this circumstance, gun outside and inner diameters can be properly extended. Thereby the explosive height in the gun body can be increased and the penetration can be improved. There are thin bottom blind holes with small diameters on the outside gun which can reduce the losses of perforating jet energy through the blind holes. In order to effectively use the energy of hybrid enhanced charges, there are no decompression ports on the outside gun, and the inner gun has a complete sealed structure. Hybrid enhanced charge is combined by the enhanced propellant and shoulder type charges which are on the same axis. This type of charge shortens the time difference of peak pressure between the perforating jet and propellant firing gas, thereby accelerating the pulse of propellant firing gas loaded on the same axis along the perforating jet direction. The shoulder type of charge can improve the ability to enhance the perforation and create fractures. This perforator is characterized by hole extension in a proper scope, deep penetration, huge hole volume, more fracture creating,high ability of stuck-releasing and little casing damages.