苹果花叶病的危害、产量损失与防治研究

Studies on the damage,loss of production and control to Apple mosaic disease

调查了苹果花叶病的田间发病率、病情指数、危害和产量损失 ,并用 3种药剂的 3种浓度进行了最佳药剂、最佳浓度筛选试验。结果表明 :田间花叶病的发病率达 6 2 .6 9% ,病情指数达 18.0 5。发病小区苹果产量为196 18.5 kg/ hm2 ,单果重量平均为 14 8.6 g,劣质果数大于 2 0 % ;防治区单果重量平均为 180 .0 g,产量为2 35 6 5 .4 kg/ hm2 ,劣质果小于 10 %。防治效果以 2 %中科 6号最好 ,其次是 2 %中科 2号和毒克星 ;使用最佳质量浓度为 4 0～ 6 6 .7mg/ L喷雾。

The disease percentage in test field,index of disease occurrence,damage and loss of production to apple mosaic disease were investigated,and the comparative experiments and optimal concentration selection were done among three fungicides.The results showed as followings:(1) In the investigated leaves,the mottled type,the enchased type and the general mosaic type shared 60%,30% and 10% respectively;the total percentage of disease leaves was up to 62.69% to the investigated leaves,with the index of disease occurrence to 18.05.(2) The production in the apple trees field with disease was 19 618.5 kg/hm 2 per apple tree,that of the single fruit,148.6 g,which was obvious lower than that of the no disease apple trees,23 565.4 kg/hm 2 and 180.0 g correlatively;the barren fruit rate in the former apple trees was over 20%,opposed to the latter,below 10%.(3) From the statistics,the fungicide involved all had good control effect to the apple mosaic disease.Among these fungicides,2% of Zhongke 6 showed the best,2% of Zhongke 2 followed,the last one was Dukexing;40-66.7 mg/L multiplier dilution factor was distinct to improve the production and the percentage of high test fruit.