水土保持措施对黄河减水减沙作用的分析

Analysis on Sediment Reduction of the Yellow River Through Soil and Water Conservation Measures

黄河中游河龙区间、泾河、北洛河、渭河 ,是黄河流域水土流失最为严重的地区 ,黄土丘陵沟壑区年土壤侵蚀模数达 5 0 0 0～ 15 0 0 0t/km2 。采用“水保法”、“水文法”分析计算 ,1970～ 1996年 ,河龙区间及泾河、北洛河、渭河流域水土保持措施年均减水 5 45 6亿m3,年均减沙 2 2 3 8亿t ,每年可为黄河下游减少泥沙淤积 1 5 7亿t。水土保持措施是实现黄河下游“河床不抬高”的治本之举。

The areas of Hekouzhen Longmen reach located on the middle reaches of the Yellow River,tributaries of Jing River,Beiluo River and Wei River basins are the most severe soil and water loss region of the Yellow River basin.The annual soil erosion modulus of gullied rolling loess area is as high as to 5 000～15 000t/km 2.It is analyzed and calculated by using the methods of soil and water conservation and hydrology that the 546 million m 3 runoff and 223.8 million tons sediment in the above mentioned areas and 157 million tons of deposition in the lower Yellow River can be reduced annually through soil and water conservation measures.Therefore,we can see that soil and water conservation measures are the cardinal measure to realize the objective of no more raising of the river bed in the lower reaches.