毛鱼藤酮与鱼藤酮杀虫活性的比较

Comparison of the bioactivity of elliptone and rotenone against several agricultural insect pests

毛鱼藤酮是从杀虫植物毛鱼藤根中分离的杀虫活性物质。以菜粉蝶、甘蓝蚜、柑桔全爪螨、小菜蛾和黄曲条跳甲为试虫比较测定了毛鱼藤酮与鱼藤酮的毒杀、拒食、生长发育干扰和忌避产卵活性。结果表明 :毛鱼藤酮的杀虫活性依昆虫种类而异 ,对柑桔全爪螨、小菜蛾、黄曲条跳甲的活性与鱼藤酮相当 ,其LC50 没有显著差异 ,而对甘蓝蚜和菜粉蝶的活性显著低于鱼藤酮。毛鱼藤酮和鱼藤酮对昆虫均具拒食活性 ,但前者比后者弱。毛鱼藤酮还与鱼藤酮一样对昆虫有一定的生长发育干扰和忌避产卵作用。NADH 泛醌氧化还原酶抑制活性测定结果显示 ,毛鱼藤酮的抑制活性低于鱼藤酮 ,二者抑制中浓度 (IC50 )分别为 5 2 7nmol·mL- 1 和 2 5 8nmol·mL- 1 。根据拒食、受药途径和酶抑制的试验结果分析认为 ,毛鱼藤酮在浸叶处理时对某些昆虫有较高杀虫活性是由于其比鱼藤酮有较低的拒食活性 。

One of the most efficient ways to obtain compounds with insecticide properties from traditional insecticidal plants is the extraction and isolation of minor secondary metabolites. Elliptone, isolated from the roots of Derris elliptica , is an active insecticide in the same chemical family as rotenone. Differences in toxicity, antifeedancy, inhibition of growth and development, and oviposition deterrence between elliptone and rotenone were evaluated with respect to imported cabbage worm( Pieris rapae ), diamondback moth( Plutella xylostella ), cabbage aphid( Brevicoryne brassicae ), striped flea beetle( Phyllotreta vittata ), and citrus red mite( Panonychus citri ). The results showed that the toxicity of elliptone varied between species. Elliptone exhibited strong toxicity against citrus red mite, diamondback moth larvae, and adults of the striped flea beetle, but significantly lower toxicity against cabbage aphid and imported cabbage worm compared to rotenone (based on comparison of LC 50 ). Both elliptone and roteone displayed remarkable antifeedant activity. Elliptone, and to a lesser extent, rotenone, had some inhibitory effect on growth and development and deterred oviposition. Elliptone had a lesser inhibitory effect on NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity (50% inhibition [IC 50 ] at 5 27?nmol·mL -1 ) compared to rotenone (IC 50 at 2 58?nmol·mL -1 ) which suggests that is a less effective respiratory inhibitor than the latter. Based on the data obtained in this investigation, it is possible that the higher toxicity of elliptone in leaf disc immersion trials reflects its lower antifeedant activity and consequently higher ingestion rate.