木瓜榕上昆虫群落结构及分布特征

On the structure and distribution of the insect communities of Ficus auriculata

对西双版纳热带雨林木瓜榕上的昆虫群落结构和分布特征进行了研究。结果表明 :样地内共采集到木瓜榕树上昆虫4 8974号 ,隶属 9个目 ,30个科 ,5 6属 ,70种。主要是鞘翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目、同翅目、双翅目、等翅目、半翅目、脉翅目和缨翅目的科、属和种类。属和种以鞘翅目和膜翅目类群最丰富 ;个体数量是膜翅目最多 ,高达 6 8 79% ,其中 5 6 5 8%是传粉类昆虫。从垂直分布规律看 :种类和数量是老茎结果部位最高 ,占 71 34% ,在青果期和熟果期表现最丰富 ;树冠与叶片部位次之 ,比率为 15 6 8% ;根部再次之 (9 5 5 % ) ;枝杈和主干最低 ,仅占 3 4 2 %。在不同季节中 ,雨季的种类和个体数量最高 ,为 35 96 % ;干热季节次之 (34 2 2 % ) ,干凉季节最低 (2 9 82 % )。

Research was carried out on the structure and distribution of insect communities of Ficus auriculata in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna. A total of 48 974 insect specimens representing 9 orders, 30 families, 56 genera, and 70 species were collected. The most important groups were families, genera and species of the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Diptera, Isoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera and Thysanoptera, of which the Coleopera and Homoptera displayed the greatest genus and species diversity. However, in terms of numbers of individuals collected the most important group was the Homoptera,which comprised 68 79% of the total. 56 58% of these were pollinating fig wasps. Fig wasps lay eggs or pollinate when female flowers are blooming, their offspring develop into adults until the male syconia are nearly mature. As far as the law of vertical distribution is concerned, species diversity and absolute numbers were greatest on the fruiting sites of old branches where 71 34% of all insects were collected. The next most important site was the crown and leaves where about 15% of specimens were found. 9 55% were found on the roots. Insects were least common on the branch axils and trunks where only 3 42% of all specimens were collected. Numbers of species and individuals varied in different seasons. The highest diversity and abundance was recorded in the rainy season (35 96%) followed by the dry season (34 22%) and the cool season(29 82%).