万物以形相禅观念和齐物论的纠结——兼释《庄子》中“强阳”的含义

The Twist of Shifting Creation and Universal Coequality An Explanation of "Qiang Yang" in "Zhuang Zi

万物以形相禅是先秦时期重要的哲学观念 ,先民用它解说物种的起源和演变 ,带有朴素的进化论色彩。《庄子》一书作为先秦哲学的经典著作 ,也吸纳了万物以形相禅的观念 ,并且把它和齐一万物的理论相结合。《庄子》书中两次出现的“强阳”之语 ,是和万物以形相禅直接关联的概念 ,有它特定的含义 ,以往的注释未能切中肯綮。《庄子》书中万物以形相禅观念和齐一万物理论的联系主要体现在两个方面 ,一是因果关系 ,二是形态的对应性。二者的结合经历了一个历史的发展过程。内篇初见端倪 ,外篇多处可见 ,杂篇最终完成。二者的综合使齐一万物理论的覆盖面从社会哲学、道德哲学扩展到自然哲学、生命哲学 ,齐一万物理论内容更加丰富 ,体系走向完备。

In the pre-Qin Period, the shifting creation was a very important conception of philosophy. It was used by primitive men to interpret the original and evolution of species in the world. This kind of interpretation contains some fibre of evolution even though it was unsophisticated. As an excellent classical work of philosophy in the pre-Qin Period, Zhuang Zi assimilated the conception of shifting creation and twisted it to the theory of universal coequality. In 'Zhuang Zi', the distinctive word 'Qiang Yang' emerged twice, which was granted special meaning. A lot of mistakes were made in the books which wanted to explain the word. In 'Zhuang Zi', the relationship between shifting creation and universal coequality reflects two aspects: one is causation, the other is symmetry in form. This relationship took a long time to grow up in history. It was born in the inner chapter, grew up in the outer chapter and matured completely in the mingled chapter. the combination of shifting creation and universal coequality based on this relationship has expanded the content of the theory of universal coequality from social and moral philosophy to philosophy of nature and life, enriched the theory and perfectcd its system.