当代资本主义产业组织结构的变化

The New Change of Market Struction of Modern Capitalist

19世纪末 2 0世纪初 ,资本主义由自由竞争进入垄断资本主义阶段。迄今为止 ,垄断资本主义经历了两个不同的阶段 ,即规模垄断资本主义和技术与产品市场垄断的资本主义。规模垄断是 2 0世纪初期垄断资本主义的主要特征。二战后 ,垄断资本主义的社会经济条件发生了一系列变化 ,这些变化导致了技术和产品市场垄断主导性的形成 ,到 2 0世纪 80年代 ,这种新型的垄断关系走向成熟。技术和产品市场垄断主导性的形成 ,一方面为企业提供了通过技术和产品的创新获得市场垄断的根本途径 ,使垄断企业的创新动力得到增强 ,另一方面由于竞争形式和竞争范围的变化 ,使竞争日趋加剧。在此条件下 ,垄断企业日益发挥着技术创新的主体作用 ,中小企业的创新优势也得到了充分体现。技术和产品市场垄断的主导性的形成成为推动当今世界科学技术日新月异发展的重要原因。

From end of 19 century to begin of 20 century, capitalism developed from non-monopoly capitalism to monopoly capitalism. Monopoly capitalism went thought two stage: capitalism of scale monopoly and capitalism of technology monopoly. At begin of 20 century, the characteristic of monopoly capitalism is scale monopoly, After World War two, market monopoly about technology and produce became dominent trend because society condition changd, the end of 20 century, the new market struction reached mature. On one hand, new market structon led to enhance technology innovation of enterprise. On the other hand, combat betweed enterprise became strong so monopoly enterprise played an important part in technology innovation, small enterprise gave full play to innovation. The monopoly market struction about technology and producer is an important force to advance technology.