高速磁悬浮列车的战略进展与我国的发展战略

Strategic progress of high-speed maglev and the development strategy in China

整个人类客运交通发展的历史是一个速度不断提高的历史。 2 0世纪特别令人瞩目的是出现了高速磁悬浮列车 ,它的发展使得人类地面客运的速度可望在 2 1世纪中前期达到 5 0 0km h的新水平。作为一种完全新型的交通运输高技术 ,高速磁悬浮列车的战略发展顺序大致要经历四个阶段 ,即 :(1)技术方案的基础性研究 ,证明方案的可行性与优越性 ;(2 )选定方案的工程技术研究发展 ,证实整个系统及全部装备可以安全、可靠、经济地实际运行 ;(3)建造足够长的实用运营线 ,实现有关装备 ,工程与运营的产业化 ;(4)大规模推广应用 ,逐步提高其在整个交通运输系统中的地位。经过近四十年的持续努力 ,德国的常导Transrapid系统和日本的超导MLX系统已成功地耗资数十亿美元完成了基础性研究和工程技术研究发展阶段 ,技术已大体成熟到可以建造实际运营线 ,并为建造实用线 ,实现产业化方向进行了多年努力 ,遇到了较大困难。美国、瑞士还进行着几个新型方案的基础性研究 ,如Magplane ,Inductrack ,Maglev 2 0 0 0 ,UrbanMaglev及Swissmetro。本文简要介绍了有关的进展情况 ,作为确定我国发展战略的重要参考。我国从八十年代后期起开始了磁悬浮列车关键技术的研究 ,九十年代中期以来又积极促进高速磁悬浮列车的发展 。

High speed maglev with 500km/h operational velocity can be used for practical passenger transport in the first part of 21\+\{st\} century, it has obvious advantages for long distance, high capacity passenger transport between large cities.\;As an entirely new high technology transportation system, high speed maglev development usually could be divided into four strategic phases, i.e.: (1) Basic research of the proposed technical concept; (2) Engineering development of the selected concept; (3) Construction and operation of a long enough operational line and commercialization of all equipments and engineering; (4) Large scale application. The international strategic progress has been shortly summarized.\;From the practical development needs and real situation of the passenger transport in China, based on the detailed analysis of the international progress, after quite serious discussion, since 1998 a suggestion for development strategy of high speed maglev in China has been formed, the strategy is suggested to have five steps, i.e.: (1) Study on the strategic position of high speed maglev in China's passenger transportation system; (2) Construction of a short test and operational demonstration line based on the imported technology; (3) Feasibility study for long distance operational line and organization of our internal R&D and engineering work; (4) Construction of a long distance operational line and commercialization of the equipments and engineering; (5) Gradual realization of the high speed maglev network in the country. Some quite encouraging progress has been achieved, and is reported in present paper; suggestions and prospect of near future work are also outlined.