西部旱区气候资源评估与区域农业可持续发展

Climate Resources Assessment and Regional Sustainable Agriculture Development in West Arid Region

气候资源是最重要的农业资源之一 ,它既是农业生产发展的基本条件 ,也是发展的制约因素。由于气候不断变化和市场经济的发展 ,针对农业需要动态地评估气候资源的有效性及其利用风险 ,对区域农业可持续发展有重要意义。本文论述传统的气候资源评价方法 ,基于遥感与地理信息系统 ( GIS)的评估方法和基于模型的评估方法 ,并从协调人地关系 ,协调经济、生态、社会效益的角度论述制定基于气候资源合理利用的区域农业持续发展规划方法。本文以西北干旱地区为重点 ,阐明在农业规划时要特别强调包括工业、生活、生态和农业生产在内的区域用水平衡 ;当热量条件允许时注重采用遗传和管理措施发展节水型农业 ,通过提高水分利用率充分利用辐射能 ;考虑与气候和市场相适应的农业种植结构与农业生物类型 ,重视眼前利益兼顾长远利益 ,重视局部利益兼顾整体利益 ,使区域经济生态效益持续较优。

Climate resources is one of the important agricultural resources,and it is the basic condition for development of agricultural production.So it is very important for regional sustainable agriculture development to assess dynamic validity of climate resources and climate risk to agriculture production.Traditional assessing methods of climate resources,assessing method based on remote sensing and GIS,and assessing method based on crop model were discussed in this paper,and others were also discussed, such as programming method of regional sustainable agriculture development based on reasonable climate resources from the angles of people and nature relationship,economic and ecology and society relationship.The Following issues were also emphasized in this paper:regional water balance, including industry,life of human,ecology and agricultural production, should be considered when making out agricultural project;developing water saving agriculture and raising water utilization efficiency and radiation energy utilization efficiency should be conducted;Agricultural structure and crop species could fit climate condition and market need,and which could correspond short and long term benefit,local , regional and national benefit,and get good and sustainable regional economic and ecological benefit.