水面舰艇及核潜艇长航对艇员心理健康水平的影响

EFFECTS OF LONG TERM VOYAGE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF SAILORS IN NAVAL SHIP AND NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINE

目的 :比较研究长时间水面和水下航行对艇员心身健康水平的影响及其特点 ,为提高长航艇员的心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法 :(1)研究对象分水面舰艇组、核潜艇组 ,对照组包括岸勤组和中国军人常模。 (2 )采用艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)、症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )及团体用心理社会应激调查表 (PSSG)在长航前后对艇员进行测评和结果比较。结果 :(1)个性特征 :水面舰艇组航后内 -外向得分较航前增高 4 1.0 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;核潜艇组航后内 -外向得分较航前增高 5 7.3% (P <0 .0 1) ,并有精神质得分降低和掩饰倾向得分增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )心身健康评分 :与军人常模比较 ,水面舰艇组航后忧郁、焦虑因子分非常显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,核潜艇组航后躯体化、强迫、人际关系、忧郁、焦虑因子分非常显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。 (3)心理应激评分 :水面舰艇组航后心理应激总分、负性情绪分、正性应对分增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,核潜艇组航后负性应对分增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而心理应激总分、负性情绪分则非常显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :水面舰艇及核潜艇长航两种特殊生活和作业环境均对艇员的心理卫生状态造成了明显影响 。

Objective:To study and compare the effects and features of long term voyage on psychological health of sailors in naval ship and nuclear-powered submarine, so as to provide scientific basis for enhancing the level of psychological health of sailors during long term voyage.Methods: The subjects were divided into naval ship group and submarine (nuclear-powered) group,and the controls included harbour working group and the Chinese armymen's normal value. The psychophysical state of sailors was tested by EPQ, SCL-90 and PSSG. Results: (1) Personal feature: As compared to pre-voyage, N score in naval ship group after voyage increased by 41.7% (P<0.05), and in submarine group increased by 57.3% (P<0.01), L score also increased but E score decreased (P<0.05). (2) Psychological health: The factorial scores of depression, anxiety in naval ship group and the factorial scores of somatization,obsessive compulsive, interpersonal relation, depression and anxiety in submarine group after voyage were much higher than those before voyage and the armymen's normal value (P<0.01) (3) Psychological stress: TS, NE, PC scores in naval ship group after voyage were increased (P<0.05), TS, NE scores in submarine group were very significantly increased (P<0.01), NC score was also increased (P<0.05).Conclusion:Long term voyage of naval ship and nuclear-powered submarine with different special circumstances for sailors'living and working would induce marked effect on the state of psychological health of the sailors.However, the features of behavior disturbance and the falling degree of psychological health level of them may be different.