江西红壤科研进展与成就

Progress and Achievement in the Research on Red Soil in Jiangxi

江西红壤面积1.62亿亩,占全省土地总面积64％,红壤科研工作起步早,进展快,成效显著,有力地促进了全省大面积红壤的开发利用。本文从学术上首次系统总结和评述了建国以来我省红壤科学技术的进展与成就。在红壤的形成与分类方面,扼要阐明了中亚热带生物气候条件下红壤脱硅富铝化过程的基本特点,评述了我省红壤分类的历史演替、最新成就和发展方向;在红壤的肥力特征方面,深入分析了土壤有机质层(A层)浅薄、活性铝含量高、胶体品质差和土壤物理性质不良等主要障碍因素的形成和演变,揭示了红壤在合理利用下,越种越肥的必然规律;在红壤利用改良方面,着重指出了开发利用、培肥改土和耕作改制等领域所取得的成绩与未来发展前景。

With an area of 162 million mu , red soil in Jiangxi takes up 64% of the provincal total land. Started at an earlier stage, red soil research has rapidly progressed and achieved a great deal, which has promoted the utilization of red soil on a large scale in the province. From the point of academics, the present paper, for the first time, systematically summarizes and reviews the progress and achievement in the research on red soil in Jiangxi. In the aspect of formation and classification of red soil, the principal properties of desilicon and aluminium-enrich ment process under bioclimatic conditions of middle subtropics is briefly clarified; and historical succession, latest achievements, and developing tendency are reviewed. As for the fertility characteristics, the formation and evolution of major causes for a thin organic soil layer (A layer), for a high content of activated aluminium, for poor quality of colloid, and for poor physical property of soil are deeply analysed. It is revealed that red soil will inevitably become more fertile as it is planted if under appropriate utilization. Finally, progress in areas of red soil development and utilization, soil fertility improvement, and crop-ping-system reform is particularly pointed out, and prospects for utilization and amelioration of red soil presented.