家庭因素对医学新生适应能力的影响

Family Environment and Adaptability of Freshmen in Medical School

目的 :探讨家庭因素对医学新生适应能力的影响。方法 :使用“一般情况问卷”、“大学生适应情况调查表”、“父母养育方式问卷”、“家庭环境量表中文版”对三所医学院校新生 5 5 6人进行调查。通过单因素分析和多元回归分析等方法 ,筛选影响新生适应能力的主要家庭因素。结果 :入学新生四个月后仍有9 7%不能适应大学学习 ,3 6 %不适应大学生活 ,11 9%不适应大学的人际关系。女生差于男生。父母情感温暖、亲密度、成功性、娱乐性与适应得分呈低度正相关 (r =0 16～ 0 2 4) ,而父母严厉惩罚、拒绝否认、过度保护、矛盾性、控制性呈低度负相关 (r =-0 15～ 0 2 4)。多元逐步回归显示 :矛盾性、娱乐性、组织性、控制性、父亲过度保护是影响医学新生适应能力的主要因素 (r =3 8～ 2 1)。结论

Objective:to explore the effect of family environment on adaptability of medical students in their first year.Method:556 freshmen in 3 medical colleges were assessed with Adaptability Questionnaire, Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire, and Family Environment Scale (Chinese version).Result:after 4 months in medical school, 9.7% of our sample could not adapt to learning style of medical school, 3.6% were poor adaptable to life in campus, 11.9% could not adapt to interpersonal relationship in the new environment. Positive sides of family environment had weak positive correlation to adaptability (r=0.20-0.26, P<0.05), while negative sides had weak negative correlation with it (r=-0.15～0.24, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that, except for factors of family environment, gender had also some influence, female was poor in adaptation. Conclusion:family environment and gender influence the adaptability of freshmen in medical school to their new life.