小麦花培育种效率与从不同杂种世代取材的关系

Studies of the Relationship Between the Breeding Efficiency of Anther Culture and the Use of Different Hybrid Generations as Anther-donor Plants in Wheat

通过对小麦花培育种效率与不同杂种世代取材的研究表明 ,过去小麦花培育种效率低的主要原因是取F1代材料花药培养。通过大量的实验研究认为 :用F1代材料进行花药培养育种的效率非常低 ,特别是在花培苗群体小的情况下 ,要获得新品种几乎是不可能的。根据实验结果以及理论分析 ,建议花培育种应结合常规的田间选择 ,取F2 或F3 代 (特别是F3 代 )材料进行花培 ,育种效果较好。并在此实验结果的指导下 ,从稍高世代取材 ,于 5～ 7年的时间内选育出了两个通过审定的花培小麦新品种。

The wheat haploid plantlets from anther culture were of theoretical and applied interest. Induced haploid spirophytes may play a key role,not only in increasing the efficiency of breeding programs by producing pure lines rapidly,but also in the elucidation of fundamental genetics. However large number of experiments turned out that there are many problems with low rate of green plantlet from anther culture,difficulties of saving plantlets though summer,low rate of double chromosome,extrusive contradiction between technique of wheat anther culture and variety improvement. So wheat anther culture has not played a role in wheat breeding. Studies were carried out on the relationship between the breeding efficiency of anther culture and the use of different hybrid generations as anther donor plants in wheat. It was shown that previously the low breeding efficiency of anther culture in wheat cross breeding was mainly due to the use of F 1 as anther donors. Experimental results demonstrated that the breeding efficiency of anther culture in F 1 generation was very low,especially when the doubled haploid population was very small. Based on the experimental results as well as the theoretical analysis this paper proposes that the use of F 2 or F 3 (especially F 3) as anther donors in combination with the conventional selection in the fields will increase the breeding efficiency of anther culture. Under the guidance of this proposal two wheat varieties have been developed within 5～7 years through anther culture.