银杏叶药物成分的数量遗传分析及多性状选择

Quantitative Genetic Analysis and Multiple Trait Selection of Pharmaceutical Composition on Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves

收集国内银杏优良无性系 87个 ,探讨叶内黄酮及内酯的遗传规律并筛选高药物成分的叶用品种。结果表明 ,银杏叶黄酮的遗传力 (h2 )、遗传变异系数 (GCV)等遗传参数都是无性系 >性别 >种源。雄株叶内黄酮σ2g、h2 、GCV和ΔG′大于雌株。雄株内有黄酮含量最高的无性系 ,而雌株内有内酯含量最高的无性系。含有结果性状的多性状选择指数 ,指数遗传力h2i、选择指数与性状基因型值的相关r2iY、选择指数的效率EI 及相关遗传进度的比较效率CGS′均较单性状选择和不含结果性状的多性状选择高。银杏叶用品种更适于直接或指数选择。采用Wricke等方法对基因稳定性进行评价 ,筛选出 4个高黄酮和高内酯无性系 ,黄酮含量大于 2 % ,内酯大于 0 .3%。

The China possesses more than 70% Ginkgo resources in the world. The purposes of this research are to collect fine seedling and grafting clones in China,to probe genetic law on flavone glycosides and terpenes on Ginkgo leaves,and select leaf used cultivars of high pharmaceutical composition. In this research,we have collected 87 clones from 13 provenances and have carried out randomized block experiment at Tancheng,Laizhou and Yaoxiang in Shandong Province. Flavone glycosides and terpenes were determined through HPLC method from an improved Van Beek (1991) techniques and Shimadzu Lc 10AD (Japan). Data and breeding analyses were carried out through IBMPC and SPQG30 software. The results of variance analyses show that there are significant differences to flavone glycosides,terpenes in clones,and the law of genetic parameters on heritability ( h 2) and genetic variability coefficient ( G CV ),is clone>sex>provenance to flavone glycosides in ginkgo leaves. The σ 2 g, h 2,G CV and ΔG′ in male tree clone leaves are higher than female clone leaves on flavone glycosides. We have found that there is a maximum flavone content clone among males and a maximum terpene clone among females. The results of Q cluster analyses are consistent with R factor analyses of twenty higher terpenes clones. The results of index selection show that the r 2 i·Y , E(I) and CGS′ of multiple traits selection including ( y ) trait are higher than single trait and multiple traits selection excluding y . The direct or index selection is more suited to leaf used cultivars of Ginkgo. The genetic stability of each clone was appraised by Wricke′s ecovalence method and Nassar & Huhu noparameter method. Flavone glycosides and terpenes are more than 2.09%～2.57% and 0.33%～0.41%,respectively,and we have selected four clones.