印度尼西亚现代民族分离主义运动的特点

Characteristics of the Modern Ethnic Separatist Movement in Indonesia

冷战结束后,随着民族分离主义思潮的泛滥,印尼的亚齐、伊里安查亚和寥内等地的民族离心倾向和分离意识加剧。本文认为,印尼国内的民族分离主义运动主要以区域为分离范畴,政治、民族、宗教因素不十分突出,经济动因较为明显;经济问题与地区经济发展不平衡是导致该国民族分离主义产生的社会根源;经济不景气、各民族在经济现代化过程中获益不均和经济发展中出现贫富悬殊现象是该国民族分离倾向加剧的直接诱因。对于多民族的主权国家印尼来说,在处理民族问题时应反对民族歧视,尊重民主权利,实现民族的平等、共同繁荣和进步。

Along with the widespread rise of ethnic separatism as an ideological trend in the post - cold war times, ethnically centrifugal tendency and separatist consciousness exacerbated in Aceh, Irian Jaya, Riau and some other places in Indonesia. This paper holds that the ethnic separatist movement in Indonesia largely takes the region as the category of separation, without striking political, ethnic and religious elements but with prominent economic motivation; that economic problems and uneven economic development in different regions are the social causes of ethnic separatism in the country; that the economic depression, as well as the disequilibrium of benefit allocation in the process of modernization and the disparity in economic development between ethnic groups, directly triggered the exacerbation of the ethnically centrifugal tendency in the country. As an ethnically plural country with sovereignty, Indonesia ought to oppose ethnic discrimination, respect democratic rights, and realize the equality and common prosperity and progress between ethnic groups in her coping with the ethnic questions.