上海化肥农药非点源污染现状及治理途径探索

CURRENT SITUATION OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER AND PESTICIDE IN SHANGHAI AND APPROACH TO CONTROLLING WAYS

根据化肥、农药污染方面的研究报道和调查资料以及有关统计数据,对上海化肥农药非点源污染所作的分析表明,“九五”期间,上海的化肥农药污染特征为,以化肥氮流失污染和杀虫剂有机物流失污染为主;同时,化肥农药品种的结构性缺陷、化肥农药使用技术创新能力偏弱、污染治理存在的技术性障碍,是本市化肥农药污染加剧的主要原因。鉴此,提出以化肥农药品种结构性改造与升级;构建减氮减药技术保障平台和制定发展生态农业鼓励政策作为上海治理化肥农药非点源污染的主要途径。

Current situation of non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in Shanghai was analysed according to the investigation and relevant statistic data on chemical fertilizer and pesticide pollution. The results showed that the pollution chiefly derived from the loss of chemical fertilizer nitrogen and the organic matter loss of pesticide during the period of the 9th five-year plan. The main reasons why chemical fertilizer and pesticide pollution increased greatly were as follows. There was the structural defect in varieties of the used chemical fertilizer and pesticide, the innovation ability of applied technologies of chemical fertilizer and pesticide was slightly weak and there were technical obstacles in controlling the pollution. Therefore it is put forward taking structural transformation and upgrade of varieties of chemical fertilizer and pesticide ,and construction of technical platform to ensure decreasing usage of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticide as well as formulation of a policy to encourage the development of ecological agriculture as the main ways of controlling non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in Shanghai.